Appalachian Figures When a Confederate veteran came home to Hazard after the Civil War, he remembered looking out over fields and streets that no longer looked like a town at all.

Appalachian History A River County on a Moving Front Russell County sat on the kind of landscape generals studied on maps. The Cumberland River bent like a great road of water along its southern edge. The county seat at Jamestown lay on the ridge road that linked Columbia and Albany.

Appalachian History In the 1860s there was no Lee County on the map. The confluence of the North, Middle, and South Forks of the Kentucky River was divided among Estill, Owsley, and Breathitt Counties, a remote corner of the Commonwealth where flatboats and narrow roads carried people and goods in and out of the hills.

Appalachian History A Courthouse Town On The Edge Of The Mountains In the early 1860s Powell County sat where the Bluegrass began to wrinkle into mountains. The Red River threaded past small farms, iron works, and timber land on its way toward the Kentucky River. Stanton, a modest crossroads town, had been chosen as county seat after Powell County was carved out of surrounding counties in 1852 and named for Governor Lazarus W. Powell.

Appalachian History Mt. Olivet did not yet have a county of its own when the Civil War came through on tired horses in June 1864. The crossroads village sat on the old Maysville–Lexington road, between the mineral springs at Blue Licks and the market towns strung along the Licking River. On paper it belonged partly to Bracken, partly to Harrison, Mason, and Nicholas.

Appalachian History A border county on the Cumberland In the summer of 1863, Williamsburg was a small courthouse town on the Cumberland River, better known as Whitley Court House than as a battlefield. Whitley County itself was relatively young, carved from Knox County in 1818 with Williamsburg planted at the center as the county seat. The county sat in a dangerous place. Its southern edge touched the Tennessee line.

Appalachian History On winter mornings in the early 1920s, coal dust hung over Jenkins, Kentucky, while miners and store clerks climbed the steps of the big recreational building to buy their paper. Upstairs, on the second floor of that four story complex, a tiny shop ran the town’s one newspaper, the Jenkins Recorder.

Appalachian History On a February evening in 1948, nearly fifteen hundred people streamed into a freshly remodeled storefront on Main Street in Jenkins. The Champion Dairy Bar offered bright red-and-cream décor, ice cream, and a free carnation to every woman who walked through the door.

Appalachian Churches Tucked against the hillside at the foot of No. 4 Hill in Jenkins, Kentucky, St. George Catholic Church looks like a simple white frame church.

Appalachian History A Mountain County on the Front Line When the Civil War reached Kentucky in 1861, Laurel County sat in a place that generals on both sides could not ignore. The Wilderness Road threaded up from Cumberland Gap through London and the Rockcastle Hills toward the Bluegrass. Whoever held that narrow corridor could threaten Lexington and the Ohio River or shield East Tennessee from invasion.

Appalachian History On a late September night in 1861, lamplight spilled from the tall windows of a brick mansion just south of Grayson. Inside Landsdowne Hall, a circle of young men passed plates around Dr. Andrew Jackson Landsdowne’s table and spoke in low voices about rifles, road junctions, and the long ride ahead toward Confederate lines in eastern Kentucky.